ADOLESCENCE PROBLEM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
ADOLESCENT PROBLEMS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
Meaning of Adolescence: Adolescence is the stage of growth and development which starts with puberty and continues till maturity, i.e., from 13 years to 19 years of age.It is also. known as "teenage". In this period, there are rapid changes in physical, mental, emotional and social developments. The balance between physical and mental development is lacking, so it is a critical period. Also, sexual growth is not related to emotions. This stressful period is
difficult for an individual as well as family members.
The word Adolescence' is derived from a Latin word which means "grow to maturity".
Adolescence is the growing period from childhood to maturity.
According to Jersild “Adolescence is the period through which a growing person makes
transition from childhood to maturity."
A. VARIOUS CHANGES IN ADOLESCENCE
(1) Physical Changes : In this period, rapid physical changes happen. Puberty brings remarkable diference which changes the shape of an individual, such as breast development in girls, muscular changes in boys. bone hardening, moustaches and change in voice in boys, blackheads, pimples and acne over
skin, etc. Adolescent needs good diet, heavy physical workout, creative physical activity, suitable clothing, hygienic habits, healthy sports environment, etc.
(2) Psychological Changes : As compared to physical development, psychological changes are at lesser pace. The identity of good and bad is not upto the mark in teens, maybe due to lack of
experience. Though the intelligence of an individual is developing but it is lacking in practical approach.Teens try to hide their mistakes. Teenager in this period needs logical explanation, intelligence development
education, moral values, positive behaviour from family, good friends, proper use of expenses, etc.
(3) Emotional Changes :The emotions in
adolescence are very sudden and very intense. These emotions are sometimes become uncontrollable in this period, Teens often have an aggressive attitude and rebellious behaviour. Adolescent in this period needs moral
and character developmental habits, spiritual guidance, proper attention, time, understanding family needs, emotion control and expression of emotions in a proper way, etc.
(4) Social Changes : A teenager enjoys the
company of his friends, thus, family attachment declines in this stage. His loyality towards group is more and he wants to prove his importance among his friends. He needs good friends, parents should act as friends, socialization qualities and its development.
B. PROBLEMS OF ADOLESCENCE
(i) Aggressive and Violent Behaviour : Adolescent has aggressive behaviour and often becomes violent very fast. Adolescents easily become irritated and repulsive when work is not of their interest.
(ii) Overconfident and Hide Mistakes : Teenagers are often overconfident and pose themselves as
heroes. They hide their mistakes and try to befool others through their intelligence.
(iii) Give Importance to Friends: Teenagers like the company of friends and enjoy in peer groups.
Sometimes they make bad friends with antisocial habits and try to follow them.
(iv) Wastage of Time : Teenager often wastes their time in useless things like gossiping, talking, watching television, listening music, idle sitting, etc.
(v) Deflected Towards Drugs and Smoking : Often the bad company of friends or due to tension,
pressure, etc., they get deflected towards health hazards like smoking, drugs, alcohol, etc.
(vi) Wrong Sexual Desires : Adolescence is a very tender stage. In this, the mind of the teens is very
delicate and at its growth stage, due to so many physical changes sometime teens get attract tovwards opposite gender and commit wrong sexual relationships and attain them by wrong means like rape, going to prostitutes, teenage pregnancy, pre-marital sex relationships, etc.
(vii) Attraction Towards Opposite Sex : Teens in this age often get attracted towards opposite sex and have lot of desire to get interacted with them.
(vii) Lack of Concentration: Teens have low
concentration in studies. Sometimes they lose interest if their result is not satisfactory in academics.
(ix) Neglect Family : They often neglect or avoid to listen
to their parents and feel self-dependent to take decisions.
(x) Lavish Expenses : They waste their money on useless things like make-up goods, costly clothes, jewellery, fast foods,etc. Moreover, they spend lavishly.
(xi) Beauty Conscious : Teenagers in this age are more conscious about body, figure, structure, Shape, beauty and waste a lot of time for them
(xii) Inadequate Rest and Sleep : During this age teenagers often have sleepless nights, inadequale
rest and sleep. This causes many abnormal health problems.
(xii) Depression : As adolescents have very strong emotions by which they undergo
depression.
C. MANAGEMENT OF ADOLESCENT PROBLEMS
At this delicate stage, one needs proper guidance, counselling, check and channelization of energy. The following suggestions are useful :
(i) Proper Knowledge of Adoles cent Psychology : Parents, teachers and guardians must be aware of adolescent psychology. They must understand the behavioural changes in their child and they must be saved from mental tensions, worries and other stresses, Parents, teachers, guardians and friends must have a good co-ordination. They must help cach other to solve the problems at the earliest in best possible way.
(ii) Providing Healthy Environment : The atmosphere at home and school should be cheerful, playful and healthy so that fullest of growth and development take place towards maturity. Proper facilities and opportunities should be provided to meet the developing demands of teens. We must provide them safe and healthy environment.
(iii) Proper Gender/Sex Education : At this stage, gender difference brings prominent changes. The
adolescents must be made aware about body changes in a systematical way. They must be properly guided to tackle such adolesence problems and their doubts must be made clear regarding sexual development.
(iv) Correction and Checking of Mistakes : At this stage, the teens must be given somewhat liberty
to take some independent decisions too. In case these decisions are not correct, parents must guide their child in a proper way. Their faults, mistakes and errors must be politely and sympathetically treated instead of beating,
blaming or giving punishment.
(v) Proper Use of Time : Teenagers have a lot of energy and need good programmes to channelize it in a right way. Participation in physical activities such as sports, games, adventures and exploring activities are good to channelize this energy. These activities satisfy the instinct of play, curiosity, aggression, competition zeal, adventure and expression. These also give an outlet to the inner talent.
(vi) Mode of Education : Adolescents must be properly guided by teachers and parents. Education must be provided to them in an interesting way so that they may explore their inner capabilities. Proper teaching methods should be used to make education interesting and enjoyable. Sufficient opportunities must be provided towards vocational education. Education must be related to the future profession. Parents and teachers must check the academic progress of children from time to time.
(vii) Development of Moral Values : At this age, sometimes children lose their moral character. This is the duty of their parents, teachers and guardians to develop good moral values in them and check their immoral acts. They must be properly taught about their cultures, traditions, customs and follow them sincerely. Social circle should be kept limited upto good and sincere friends.
(viii) Spiritual Guidance : At this stage, sometimes children show less interest in spiritual ideas. They should be guided properly about the religion and the secular ideas. They should be make active towards their environment and guide to control the pollution. The destructive ideas in their mind can be controlled through religious thoughts.
(ix) Friendly Attitude : At this stage, adolescents want to accept friendly attitude, so parents and
teachers should act more as friends rather be strict, disciplined and rigid parents. Moreover, this friendly attitude will bring them more close instead of making gaps between them.
(x) Indepen dent Ideas and Liberty with Proper Check : Children should be given freedom for some decisions. They can also have independent ideas which can be followed with some liberty under proper check.
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